• Smoking
• Accumulation of Smegma - Poor Hygiene / Phimosis
• Chronic Balanoposthitis
• HPV 16 Infection
Carcinoma in situ (Tis) of the penis involving the glans penis or prepuce is called Erythroplasia of Queyrat .
Carcinoma in situ (Tis) of the penis involving the the penile shaft or the remainder of the genitalia or perineal region is called Bowens disease.
JACKSON’S Staging of Carcinoma Penis
Stage I - Cancer has only affected the glans and/or foreskin.
Stage II - Cancer has spread to the shaft of the penis.
Stage III - Mobile (operable) inguinal lymph nodes
Stage IV - Fixed (inoperable) inguinal lymph nodes or distant metastasis
Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma Penis is Partial or Total Amputation of Penis