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Showing posts with label Operative surgery steps. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Operative surgery steps. Show all posts

Wednesday, 30 January 2013

Circumcision-Indications and Operative Surgery Steps


Circumcision




Circumcision is An Operative procedure
                           -which reduces the chance of Ca Penis
                           -which reduces the risk of transmission of HIV

Indications:
                  1.True Phimosis( due to Balonitis Xerotica Obliterans-BXO-Lichen Sclerosis – Sclerosing Inlfammatory Dermatosis- resultinfg in scarring of prepuce & prepuceal aperture becomes tight )

                   Physiological adhesion between the fore skin and the glans penispersist until 6 years of age 

                2.Paraphimosis( Failure of retracted foreskin to return to its original position over glans penis)

               3.Religious ( Most common)

              4.Recurrent balanoposthitis( Diabetes)

              5.Prior to Radiotherapy for Ca Penis

Anesthesia: Local / General

Position of the Patient: Supine

Incision:
                  Prepuce is divided in the midline dorsally up to corona &  the incision is extended circumferentially across the prepuce  5 mm beyond and parallel to corona.

Step 1. Three artery forceps are applied at 2, 6 & 10’ O clock position.

Step 2. Adhesion between prepuce and glans are released up to corona.

Step 3. Between the artery forceps at 2 and 10’ O clock position the prepuce is incised at 12’ O clock position up to corona.

Step 4. The outer skin and inner skin over the glans are cut all around anddivided parallel to corona leaving a ‘ v ’ shaped flap at the frenulum.

Step 5. A figure of 8 suture is placed over the frenulum ( As it contain the Arteryof Frenulum)

Step 6. Inner skin is sutured to the outer skin of prepuce with 2 0 absorbable interrupted sutures. 0.5Cm Inner skin has to be there to prevent the disfigurement

Friday, 11 January 2013

Ligation of External Carotid Artery


                                   Ligation of External Carotid Artery 





Indications-
  •  Bleeding from Oral Malignancies
  •  Slipping of Superior pedicle of Thyroid Gland
  • Arterio Venous Malformation of Scalp
 

Anaesthesia- General Anaesthesia
Position- Supine with neck extended to opposite side
Incision-Oblique incision along the anterior border of Sterno Mastoid over the middle third.
Procedure-
1.     Skin and Platysma are cut along the line of incision
2.     Anterior border of Sternomastoid is retracted posteriorly
3.     Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) is identified
4.     Common carotid Artery is found medial to IJV
5.     Bifurcation of the Common carotid artery defined
6.     External Carotid Artery (ECA) is identified by its branches
7.     Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) has no branch in the neck
8.     Safeguard the Hypoglossal Nerve which crosses ICA and ECA just above hyoid bone.
The 8 branches of External Carotid Artery are
·        Superior Thyroid Artery
·        Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
·        Lingual Artery
·        Facial Artery
·        Occipital Artery
·        Posterior Auricular Artery
·        Superficial Temporal Artery
·        Maxillary Artery